Paragraph 2 requires States parties to guarantee the right to freedom of expression, including the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds regardless of frontiers. This right includes the expression and receipt of communications of every form of idea and opinion capable of transmission to others, subject to the provisions in article 19, paragraph 3, and article 20.12 It includes political discourse,13 commentary on one’s own14 and on public affairs,15 canvassing,16 discussion of human rights,17 journalism,18 cultural and artistic expression,19 teaching,20 and religious discourse.21 It may also include commercial advertising. The scope of paragraph 2 embraces even expression that may be regarded as deeply offensive,22 although such expression may be restricted in accordance with the provisions of article 19, paragraph 3 and article 20.